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The History of EthiopiaSaheed A. AdejumobiGreenwood PressTHE HISTORY OF ETHIOPIAADVISORY BOARDJohn T.

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Alexander Professor of History and Russian and European Studies, University of Kansas Robert A. Divine George W.

Littleeld Professor in American History Emeritus, University of Texas at Austin John V. Lombardi Professor of History, University of FloridaTHE HISTORY OFETHIOPIASaheed A. AdejumobiThe Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findling, Series EditorsGreenwood Press Westport, Connecticut LondonLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Adejumobi, Saheed A. The history of Ethiopia / Saheed A.

Cm.(The Greenwood histories of the modern nations, ISSN 10962905) Includes bibliographical references and index. EthiopiaPolitics and government.

Retrieved June 30, 2007. Archived from on March 11, 2007. Whole cars cartoon online free.

DT381.A45 2007 963dc877 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright 2007 by Saheed A. Adejumobi All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: ISBN: ISSN: 10962905 First published in 2007 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.

Www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of AmericaThe paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.481984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Central cover image: Ethiopian Orthodox Christians wear ceremonial clothing during the Timkat Festival. Behind them is the 12th century rock-hewn Beta Giorgis Church.

Lalibela, Ethiopia, ca. January 2000. Earl & Nazima Kowall/CORBISDedicated in affectionate greeting to my father, Kazeem Adegbenro Adejumobi, who lately transcended and joined the ancestors.

The Ethiopian Military Leadership Under Haile Selassie and Derg Regimes. Report Originally posted on February 20, 2010 By Ginbot 7 Research Team Introduction A few months ago, Ginbot 7’s research team presented an extensive list of the top military commanders of the Woyane regime including their names, their position in the military and their ethnic background. That meticulously researched study showed how the current military of Meles Zenawi’s regime is totally dominated by one ethnic group where by some 95% of the top brass of the military emanate from the Tigrian ethnic group representing about 6% of the population. While this was a shocking revelation to Ethiopians and foreign observers alike, some apologists of the Woyane regime, presented this as a natural development similar to the dominance of the Shewa Amharas during the imperial regime and the broader ethnic Amharas that supposedly dominated the Derg regime. We felt at the time that this argument was problematic for two reasons. First, the nature of ethnic dominance that is observed during the Woyane period seemed to be more purposeful, calculated and certainly more excessive than any of the regimes in the past. Second, even if there was systematic ethnic dominance in the past, it surely does not justify the perpetuation of dominance by a new group, which would only increase ethnic animosity and destabilize the society further.

While the second point is self evident, our first point needed some investigation to present a solid proof for our contention. At the time, we promised to do a detailed study of the military command and personnel of the earlier two regimes for comparison with our study of the Woyane period. The first portion of that study is now complete. We will briefly summarize the main findings below, and present two tables for the reader to go through the detailed observation. A note on the data is also available to make it easier for the reader to follow the information on the tables. This study has been conducted with the help of a large number of people mainly involving former military officers who know the institution well and the people involved. We have involved a significant number of people to verify the accuracy of our description of the people involved and their role in the military.

We are very thankful for their assistance and we hope their cooperation will continue as we do the second phase of the study involving the lower ranking officers at the Birgadier General level. We also thank some family members of these officers who helped us in cross checking the ethnic identities. Main findings: Contrary to the long held claim of the Woyane propagandists, this careful study reveals that the top military brass of the Ethiopian state, although not directly proportional, was much more broadly representative of the country’s ethnic configuration than is commonly claimed. When seen along with our earlier study of the top military brass of the Woyane regime, both the Derg and the imperial periods showed a much more representative picture of the country’s ethnic mixture in the military leadership.