Ds1307 Bascom Programmer Interview Tips

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What is AVR microcontroller? This Tutorial covers Introduction, basics, features, memory, Architecture of AVR microcontrollers & its Comparison with 8051 and PIC Microcontroller. There are number of popular families of microcontrollers which are used in different applications as per their capability and feasibility to perform the desired task, most common of these are 8051, AVR and PIC microcontrollers. Canberra Australia.

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I2C tutorial. This I2C tutorial shows you how the I2C protocol or more correctly written I 2C (sometimes written as IIC) stands for Inter IC Communication and is intended for very short distance communication between ICs on a single PCB. It gives you a fully defined protocol for data transfer between multiple devices over two wires. The great strength of the protocol is that it only requires two wires yet can have many connected devices and all of these can transmit and receive data at high speed. Unlike the SPI protocol the I2C protocol has an acknowledgement feature that means a sending device knows that a receiver has accepted the data. This means I2C is more robust when in a noisy environment. For SPI there is also no concept of multiple master devices but SPI is faster.

Usually a master device sends out data to slaves (that give the ACK signal - a single bit returned at the end of transmission) but you can have more than one master device in a system allowing great flexibility of use for I2C. In this I2C tutorial you will learn all about the 2 wire I2C serial protocol; How easy it is to use, how it works and when to use it. The I2C protocol is a very useful serial communication protocol.

This popular system is used in a huge range of chips - just a few examples from this site include the DS1307 (RTC), SSD1306 (OLED Display), DS23017 (Serial expander). It allows you to connect many devices to a single set of two wires and then communicate individually with each device with which you can send and receive data. Warning: The protocol is designed for single board communication it is not a long distance comms. You can find instances (horror stories) of people designing a multi drop inter office comms system with I2C extenders - just don't do it - it ends in tears! This I2C tutorial shows you how the I2C protocol works at the physical bit level discussing single master mode (a single controlling device) which is the most common use for I2C in a small system.

Note: You can find Master mode soft I2C routines in the project. I2C Tutorial - Open drain connections. I2C works by using open drain connections. The two resistors above are the pull-up resistors that allow the whole system to work - when all devices are inactive then the 'pullups' pull the signal wire to the supply voltage. Warning: you must have one pullup resistor per signal wire (SCL and SDA) and not more! At any time a master device can start a transmission by pulling SDA low while SCL is high (a unique specific condition that other I2C devices recognise as the start of a master transmission). The slave device listens to the next 8 serial bits of the address to see if it matches its own address (each I2C must have a unique address built in).